3/28/2010
Hummingbird
Oh we have been to
Many churhes
But we never believed
Oh we have been to
Many churches
But we never believed ...
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Earth hour? what earth hour?... oh you mean the hour that I wasn't in my room and never got to turn on the lights to even begin turning off my lights?
:D
oh yeah, what weekend?
DIB ending soon, so fast.
hope to see cool kid patients tomorrow.
Spring Spring Spring.
3/26/2010
3/22/2010
Optic Atrophy Has Talent
Optic atrophy
Classification and external resources
The left optic nerve and the optic tracts.
Optic atrophy is the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve. In medicine, "atrophy" usually means "shrunken but capable of regrowth", so some argue that "optic atrophy" as a pathological term is somewhat misleading and use "optic neuropathy" instead.
Prognosis
The optic nerve is part of the brain and has no capability for regeneration. Hence, there can be no recovery from optic atrophy and the term may refer to serious or mild, but always irreversible visual loss due to damage to the optic nerve. Three types of degeneration are seen: transsynaptic, anterograde, and retrograde.
Symptoms
There may be symptoms associated with loss of vision (although there may be a particular difficulty with colour vision).
Bilateral Optic Atrophy: Loss of vision and discoloration of discs in both eyes. This is a genetic form and can be inherited.
symptoms will be extremely varied. some people will have near to normal vision, whereas others will have very poor vision
There may be symptoms associated with loss of vision (although there may be a particular difficulty with colour vision).
Bilateral Optic Atrophy: Loss of vision and discoloration of discs in both eyes. This is a genetic form and can be inherited.
symptoms will be extremely varied. some people will have near to normal vision, whereas others will have very poor vision
Causes
Optic atrophy can be congenital or acquired.
Optic atrophy can be congenital or acquired.
Congenital
If congenital, it is usually hereditary with an onset of deterioration in childhood and may be accompanied by nystagmus. Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, (LHON) or Leber Optic Atrophy is hereditary, but typically has its onset in 20-30 year old males. This is due to a mutation of the mitochondrial genome and hence is passed exclusively through the mothers. Dominant optic atrophy or Kjer's optic neuropathy has autosomal dominant inheritance. It usually presents in early childhood. There are numerous less common genetically related syndromes.
Alternatively, congenital optic atrophy can be caused by a lack of oxygen during pregnancy, labour or in the early days of a child's life. Some drugs taken during pregnancy are also associated with optic atrophy.
Acquired
The acquired type of optic atrophy may be due to blood supply changes in the eye or optic nerve (anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy), may be secondary to inflammation or swelling within the optic nerve (optic neuritis), may be a result of pressure against the optic nerve (such as from a tumour), or may be related to metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus), trauma, glaucoma, or toxicity (caused by methanol, tobacco, or other poisons). It is also seen in vitamin B12 deficiency and Paget's disease of the bone.
If congenital, it is usually hereditary with an onset of deterioration in childhood and may be accompanied by nystagmus. Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, (LHON) or Leber Optic Atrophy is hereditary, but typically has its onset in 20-30 year old males. This is due to a mutation of the mitochondrial genome and hence is passed exclusively through the mothers. Dominant optic atrophy or Kjer's optic neuropathy has autosomal dominant inheritance. It usually presents in early childhood. There are numerous less common genetically related syndromes.
Alternatively, congenital optic atrophy can be caused by a lack of oxygen during pregnancy, labour or in the early days of a child's life. Some drugs taken during pregnancy are also associated with optic atrophy.
Acquired
The acquired type of optic atrophy may be due to blood supply changes in the eye or optic nerve (anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy), may be secondary to inflammation or swelling within the optic nerve (optic neuritis), may be a result of pressure against the optic nerve (such as from a tumour), or may be related to metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus), trauma, glaucoma, or toxicity (caused by methanol, tobacco, or other poisons). It is also seen in vitamin B12 deficiency and Paget's disease of the bone.
3/16/2010
T . E edition !
Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy Emmanuel Tommy vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
is coming to
Mo-see-cow ...
ТОММИ, тебя жду !! )
3/05/2010
Transition
As this post is being uploaded, my final blog post written in Malaysia will be pushed to page. I've finished my chicken floss, bak kua and opened my first packet of instant perencah. It's time to let go of that very sweet homesick feeling.
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Currently in FX cycle, not too bad, learning random stuff...
A week ago had psychiatry cycle in an ala Swiss ski resort or snow filled Cameron Highlands sort of resort hotel... look alike hospital.
My uni actually looks very "University" lah, not too shabby.
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Currently in FX cycle, not too bad, learning random stuff...
A week ago had psychiatry cycle in an ala Swiss ski resort or snow filled Cameron Highlands sort of resort hotel... look alike hospital.
God I am so lame with captions...
If I ever go crazy, I'd like to be admitted here please.
Finally cleared whatever that was left of the 1st semester, including returning books and saying goodbyes to teacher whom I might never see again.
The weather is weird with the random sunny cold days and wet windy days. Looks like I'm not missing the snow this time :)
Quite hungry now actually, don't have anything to eat except for vege and eggs. Damn my stupid lazy gene not letting me go downstairs to buy food.
Oh, the description on my hair gel tube is so wrong in so many ways. or am i just over "sensitive" (read dirty-minded ((pronounce: perverted)))
If I ever go crazy, I'd like to be admitted here please.
Finally cleared whatever that was left of the 1st semester, including returning books and saying goodbyes to teacher whom I might never see again.
The weather is weird with the random sunny cold days and wet windy days. Looks like I'm not missing the snow this time :)
Quite hungry now actually, don't have anything to eat except for vege and eggs. Damn my stupid lazy gene not letting me go downstairs to buy food.
Oh, the description on my hair gel tube is so wrong in so many ways. or am i just over "sensitive" (read dirty-minded ((pronounce: perverted)))
also,
My uni actually looks very "University" lah, not too shabby.
Piragov pride!
Random pictures taken in FX hospital... kinda cool la :D
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